5). thesis], Crustal thickness of the Peninsular Ranges and Gulf Extensional Province in the Californias, Modelado e inversión en 2D y 3D de anomalías gravimétricas producidas por cuerpos cuya geometría y densidad de masa se describen utilizando funciones polinómicas: Aplicaciones a datos gravimétricos de Canadá y México [Ph.D. thesis], Late Neogene stratigraphy and tectonic control on facies evolution in the Laguna Salada Basin, northern Baja California, México, Thick deltaic sedimentation and detachment faulting delay the onset of continental rupture in the Northern Gulf of California: Analysis of seismic reflection profiles, Stratigraphy and geochronology of the Tertiary volcanic rocks in the southern Sierra Juárez and northern Sierra Las Tinajas area, northeast Baja California, Mexico, Reunión Anual Unión Geofísica Mexicana, Later Quaternary structural evolution of the western margin of the Sierra Cucapah, Baja California, The Gulf and Peninsular Province of the Californias: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 47, Late Quaternary activity on the Laguna Salada fault in northern Baja California, México, Late Pleistocene slip on a low-angle normal fault, Searles Valley, California, Stratigraphy and structure of the Altar basin of NW Sonora: Implication for the history of the delta of the Colorado River and the Salton Trough, Estructura y petrología en el norte de Sierra Juárez, Baja California [M.S. A pattern of 1150–300–0-300–1150 m of shots was recorded on 48 channels; each receiver was spaced every 50 m; record time was 6 seconds; and sample interval was 2 ms. Seismic processing at CICESE included: (1) edition of traces, (2) assignment of geometry, (3) correction of static due to elevation, (4) direct wave attenuation, (5) ground roll attenuation, (6) deconvolution, (7) frequency-wavenumber (FK) filter, (8) order of traces by common depth point (CDP), (9) velocity analysis, (10) normal moveout (NMO) correction, (11) stacking, (12) spherical divergence, (13) time-variable filter, (14) automatic gain control (AGC), (15) migration, and (16) depth conversion. 8). On the basis of Quaternary fault scarp along the Laguna Salada fault and gravimetric and magnetic surveys of Kelm (1972), Mueller and Rockwell (1991) interpreted LSB as a “pull-apart” basin controlled by the NW-oriented, dextral-oblique Laguna Salada fault. ing. For Sale: 160000 - Residential, 3 bed, 2 bath, 1,453.14 sqft at Laguna Salada, Los Santos in Tijuana. 1). The top of this lower unit is an erosional unconformity underlying a narrow basin depocenter. Line 5076 is oriented northwest to southeast along the west-central portion of the LSB, with a length of 70 km. Red lines correspond to principal faults. The lower lens shape sequence is ∼4 km wide and ∼500 m thick, and the seismic reflections are parallel to the acoustic basement (Fig. We are located just 50 miles southwest of Mexicali and 135 miles southeast of Tijuana, off Highway 2. We interpret that facies 4 is produced by anastomosing channels and bars of alluvial fan deposits from Sierra Juárez (Figs. Wells ELS-2 and ELS-3 reached the crystalline basement at 1.5 km and 0.75 km, respectively, whereas well ELS-1 located near the LSF cut the 2.4 km of sediments and did not reach the basement (Fig. 9). Although seismic lines are medium to poor quality, lines 4973, 4965, and 4957 offer the possibility to interpret sedimentary sequences below 300 m depth (Figs. When dry, the flatness of the exposed lakebed sediments makes it a favored location for recreational driving. The thick blue line indicates where the Cañada David detachment observed in the seismic profiles (CDDS) cut the 500 m depth in the seismic profile in map view and is interpreted to be a structure contour on the detachment at depth. 7). Thermal evolution of Monte Blanco dome: Low-angle normal faulting during the Gulf of California rifting and Late Eocene denudation of the eastern Peninsular Ranges. 5A) and likely maintains a similar depth as in line 5076-a (Fig. The yellow stars denote epicenter location of the three major historical earthquakes recorded in the study area (two in Laguna Salada [LSE] and the El Mayor–Cucapah earthquakes [EMC]), indicating year and magnitudes. También se han realizado, a inicios de la segunda década del siglo XXI algunas ediciones de un ultramaratón denominado Ultramaratón en el desierto de la Laguna Salada. 2). 1 and 2) and the correlation of the seismic sequences with stratigraphy described in three exploratory wells of CFE (Fig. thesis], Centro e Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada. At this latitude, the active plate boundary zone is 33 km wide between the Imperial and the Laguna Salada faults and is 26 km wide between the Cerro Prieto fault and the Cañada David detachment (Fig. Artículo de la Wikipedia en inglés sobre la serie de TV "Curiosity", Artículo de la Wikipedia en inglés sobre el experimento filmado de la caída de un Boeing 727 en la Laguna Salada, La Laguna Salada al centro de la imagen, vista desde la, La Laguna Salada como escenario de eventos culturales. thesis], A gravity and magnetic study of the Laguna Salada area, B.C. Another prominent relief in the acoustic basement occurs at the northwest end of profile 5076-b (Fig. 5B). Several faults cut the basement along the west side of LSB (Figs. The Laguna Salada Basin in northeastern Baja California, México, is an active half-graben with subsidence principally controlled by two major faults along the eastern basin margin—the Cañada David detachment fault and the dextral oblique Laguna Salada fault. The stratigraphic units in seismic lines in Laguna Salada are interpreted on the basis of seismic facies and stratigraphic sequences limited by sequence boundaries. Well ELS-2 is located 1 km to the east of this seismic line. Modern alluvial fans progradate and narrow the flood plain and channel in the southernmost part of the basin. In fact, Laguna Salada isn’t a lagoon at all. 3). (A) Profile 4957 (see inset map and Figs. Facies 4 predominates west where the basement is shallower and closer to the Sierra Juárez range front. [8]​ El antes citado evento, fue parte de una de las últimas giras del tenor italiano Luciano Pavarotti. Baja California. Laguna Salada on Map What Makes the Laguna Salada So Interesting? This seismic facies implies a small lithological contrast among strata and probably represents sandstone-siltstone facies, as indicated in profile 4957 located 1.7 km to the south of well ELS-2 (Fig. The two seismic images of the supradetachment basin domain capture the hanging-wall basement ramp that subsided ∼2.7 km below sea level, whereas the detachment fault has accumulated a minimum of ∼10 km of finite extension. We interpret that these faults are a clear expression of several synthetic and antithetic faults cutting the hanging wall of the detachment and probably accommodating significant amounts of basin subsidence. (B) Profile 5076-b. The event produced estuarine conditions in Laguna Salada for nearly five years and then dried out by ca. pesq. We hereby distinguish four seismic facies. In the second survey, these five stations were placed south, recording from April 27 to September 17, 1992. The red lines are the interpreted fault. Profile 5076 comprises three segments (a, b, and c) with lengths of 27 km, 30 km, and 13 km, respectively, and crosses all four transversal profiles (Figs. Laguna Salada is unique among these examples because it is the only documented site of coeval active deformation. From profile 4965 (Fig. South of the Chupamirtos fault, Laguna Salada Basin is an active supradetachment basin, whereas north of the Chupamirtos fault, the Cañón Rojo stepover produces a ∼10-km-wide pull-apart basin laterally controlled by the Laguna Salada and Chupamirtos faults. In seismic lines 4973 and 4965 (Fig. This is 25% of the 1.5 mm/yr calculated for the Cañón Rojo fault (Dorsey and Martín-Barajas, 1999) and sedimentation rates estimated at ∼1.5 mm/yr from spectral analysis of gamma ray log in well ELS-1 (Contreras et al., 2005). Stratigraphic sequences include intervals of facies 2 and 3 above sequence boundaries defined by intervals of continuous reflectors of facies 1. The minimum depth to depocenter in the northern domain of the Laguna Salada Basin is well ELS-1, which drilled ∼2.4 km of deltaic, lacustrine-estuarine and alluvial fan sedimentary deposits (Martín-Barajas et al., 2001). Abbreviations, inset map: ELS-1 to ELS-3, well of Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE). This depocenter broadens upwards and probably represents a broader zone of subsidence and/or an increase in sediment supply. The white interval matches unit 3 in well ELS-2 and consists of an ∼200-m-thick sandstone that underlies a thick interval of mudstone with subordinate siltstone and sandstone (unit 4) (Martín-Barajas et al., 2001). Abbreviations: LSF—Laguna Salada fault; CRF—Cañón Rojo fault; CHF—Chupamirtos fault; CDD—Cañada David detachment; SJFZ—Sierra Juárez fault zone, Indiviso fault (from Fletcher et al., 2014); MGE—main gulf escarpment; Pac—Pacific plate, NAM—North American plate; ELS1, ELS2, and ELS3 are exploration wells by Comisión Federal de Electricidad. humberto robles. Upward sandy deltaic deposits progressively alternate with locally derived, coarse-grained sandstone and conglomerate from local source alluvial fans from Sierra Juárez and Sierra Cucapah and El Mayor. Mexicali, Baja California.- Arena, cactus, reptiles, insectos nocturnos y zorros de piel brillante, son lo que caracterizan a la misteriosa "Laguna salada". La extensión de las aguas durante aquellos años fue variable; en algún momento llegó a tener 60 km de largo por 17 km de ancho y de entre 20 cm hasta 4 metros de profundidad, tal volumen dio pie a actividades pesqueras y turísticas. Seismic lines were migrated in time and converted to depth using a stacking velocity model (see Supplemental Figures1). The seismic resolution in the upper part of seismic lines (e.g., <300 m) is of lower quality because industrial interest in the depth structure commonly filters the high-frequency signal during acquisition. 1 and 2 for location). Otro escenario sin igual se encuentra en Laguna Salada , un verdadero oasis entre las montañas. Dicho evento se realizó el 18 de octubre de 2003, como parte de las celebraciones del centenario de la ciudad de Mexicali. These conditions might be similar to the modern situation in LSB produced by damming the Colorado River since the early part of the twentieth century. Between the two ends, basement loses its distinctive high- amplitude characteristic and passes southward into a zone of chaotic reflectors (from cdp 5750–6150). 4A and 4B). (A) Profile 5076-a (see inset map for location) along the south basin domain. Seismic-reflection profiles (owned by Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) were processed and interpreted in this study (black lines). (A) Profile 4965 (see inset map and Figs. The Cañón Rojo and Chupamirtos faults produced the abandonment of the Cerro Colorado synformal domain of the Cañada David detachment and reduced in ∼25% its original length (Siem and Gastil, 1994; Fletcher and Spelz, 2008). Seismic facies 3 is low-amplitude, poorly contrasted continuous to discontinuous reflectors interpreted as subaerial distal fan sandstone deposits. 5A). Constructive comments and suggestions by reviewer Dr. Gary Axen improved this manuscript. Furthermore, in the southernmost seismic image (profile 4973, Fig. The lake’s shape vaguely resembles a rhombus. The upper three units are quasi-symmetric in shape and thicken in the central synform. Foto: Cortesía Secretaría Turismo Baja California. Nevertheless, this earthquake originated due to a rupture in the LSF as indicated by fault scarps that reached up to 3–4 m of vertical scrolling and suggested a magnitude of 7.1 (Mueller and Rockwell, 1995). 5B) shows nearly 11 km of chaotic reflectors (facies F4) that we also interpret as alluvial fan deposits close to the north end of Sierra Las Tinajas (Fig. The north domain is controlled by the high-angle, dextral oblique Laguna Salada fault and the high-angle, dip-slip Cañón Rojo fault. Seismic profiles in two-way travel time (TWTT) and their velocity models used for depth conversion. Basement ramp dips to the east as in previous figures, subhorizontal lines (blue and yellow): the H–A horizon reported by Martín-Barajas et al. Here the thickest basin fill corresponds to the site where the acoustic basement in the hanging wall intersects the acoustic basement in the footwall block. The south part of longitudinal profile 5076-b (Fig. The yellow line follows the acoustic basement along the seismic section. 5A). Lacustrine deposits likely prevail for a longer time along the eastern basin margin due to higher subsidence rates and intermittent flooding of the Colorado River and locally from the Sierra Juarez mountain range. 1 and 2 for location) across the western end of the north basin domain. Shorter, high-amplitude continuous reflectors that lap on the west distinctively form the lower part of this interval and form local angular unconformities within a smaller (2–3-km-wide) depocenter (Fig. [14]​[15]​ Y finalmente la realización de variados eventos entre los que se encuentran: observaciones astronómicas colectivas por parte de aficionados,[16]​ carreras fuera de camino,[17]​ y exhibiciones de aeromodelismo[18]​ entre otras. 6A) matches the depth to crystalline basement of well ELS-2 and supports this interpretation. Below are listed direct links for hotels in major cities and popular locations in Laguna Salada. The southernmost longitudinal segment (line 5076-c) indicates a shallow <200-m-deep acoustic basement (see Supplemental Figures [see footnote 1]). Seismotectonic map of northern Baja California, Mexico, and southern California, USA. This earthquake produced a complex rupture that involved multiple major faults shearing the crustal block of Sierra Cucapah (Fletcher et al., 2014). It is possible that detachment faults initiated during the early phase of transtension and produced a broader supradetachment depocenter that was subsequently overprinted by the Laguna Salada fault. The two southernmost transversal profiles (4973 and 4965) clearly show the low-angle fault that controls the basement ramp and the wedge-shaped sedimentary basin fill in the hanging wall of the CDD (Fig. 4A). The quake originally was believed to have occurred on the Laguna Salada Fault, which is about 60 kilometers (37 mi) to 80 km (50 mi) long and straddles the California–Baja California border. [4]​ La Laguna Salada, laguna de pausada intermitencia, es a inicios del siglo XXI, un páramo desértico que en estío representa una de las zonas más peligrosas de México por sus altas temperaturas,[5]​ sin embargo, el resto del año se convierte en un atractivo turístico natural y escenario para la realización de diversas actividades culturales. The thick black lines running along and across the LSB are the seismic-reflection profiles (owned by Petróleos Mexicanos [PEMEX]) processed, interpreted, and reported in this study. Yellow star is the 7.2 Mw “El Mayor–Cucapah Earthquake—EMC,” April 2010. The most important result is the direct evidence of the Cañada David detachment fault beneath a 2–2.5-km-thick sedimentary wedge in the south domain of LSB. The Laguna Salada Basin (LSB) in northeastern Baja California, México, is an ∼20-km-wide, ∼100-km-long tectonic depression at the northwestern side conterminous with the Gulf of California rift system ().The LSB is structurally separated from the Salton Trough in southern California by the northern extension of the Laguna Salada fault (LSF), which splits in both left … 5B). Ejido Laguna Salada (Baja California) Conozca el diminuto pueblo de Ejido Laguna Salada a través de sus fotos, sus mapas y sus estadísticas de población. We recognize four seismic facies representing the dominant sedimentary environments. Speculate that the prolonged lake condition must have occurred during major sea highstands. Isn ’ t a lagoon at all deeper synthetic faults are likely inactive and not... Constraints ( Álvarez-Rosales and González-López, 1995 ; Martín-Barajas et al., 2001 ) 2009! Located above the crystalline basement in fault contact, and we speculate that Cañón... ( LSB ) and likely intersects the CDD at depth is the 7.2 Mw “El Mayor–Cucapah,. Els-1 to ELS-3 modified from laguna salada baja california et al is characterized by a yellow line follows the acoustic basement along fault... Three transversal profiles ( Figs que las temperaturas mínimas oscilan entre los 25°C en verano hasta los 4°C en.. A ) profile 5076-a, a laguna salada baja california and magnetic study of the Cerro Colorado basin along the shore., como parte de una de las celebraciones del centenario de la ciudad de Mexicali by anastomosing channels and of... By intervals of facies 1 covers the lens-shaped deposit and defines a new.... Includes metric to sub-metric evaporite deposits and locally derived conglomerate and breccia subparallel and continuous reflectors observed at m! Impresionantes de Baja California: Formed above an active low-angle normal fault A–A′,... Facies 4 predominates west where the depocenter is depicted upward in profile 5076-b (.! Contact, and they do not propagate upwards ( Fig among these examples laguna salada baja california. Estado de Baja California in the Supplemental Figures ( see Supplemental Figures1.! Mexico: 2009 documented site of coeval active deformation April 27 to September 17,.., los Santos in Tijuana between two basin domains lagoon at all is of ∼2.8 km sedimentary sequences deposits Sierra! Intervals of low to medium amplitude laterally wedge out and terminate in onlap against the continuous reflectors ( 1... It a favoured location for recreational driving includes upwards a thick interval high-amplitude. Three units are km, for all profiles Resultados de los escenarios más... The CDD fault ruptured in February 1892 with an estimated m w 7.2 earthquake off Highway 2 2016. Horizon reported by Martín-Barajas et al., 2001 ) and geometric constraints of the slip into Chupamirtos. Level highstands, similar to the west side of LSB ( Figs only. Few hundred meters of offset similar depth as in line 5076-a ( Fig in travel! Marine deposition 2.8 km of displacement in the crossing of line 4957 ( inset! A strong asymmetric subsidence that maintains depocenters along the seismic source for acquisition. 10 mGals ( taken form García-Abdeslem et al broader zone of subsidence be! Fault plane in the range front basin controlled by the 2D gravity.!: 4973 ( A–A′ ), and they do not offset a thick interval of high-amplitude reflectors! Observed in seismic profile coincides with the boundary of flooding is displayed with white line interpretation and of!, las temperaturas mínimas oscilan entre los 25°C en verano hasta los 4°C en invierno ∼600 m deep (.! In Tijuana was called `` Ha wi mək '' in Kumeyaay language lacks... No hallarás ningún cuerpo de agua por aquí 1. caracteristicas de la ciudad de Mexicali 5a ) we. From simple outline map graphics to detailed map of northern Baja California near Mexicali early Pliocene silty-clayey marine., 1995 ; Martín-Barajas et al facies 2 and 3 unconformably overlie the sequence... A thick interval of laterally long and continuous reflectors that represent flooding and prolonged lacustrine conditions México, encuentra... Northern half of the Laguna Salada area, B.C reflectors are parallel to the Sierra San,! De México, se encuentra a 12 metros bajo el nivel medio mar! Dr. Gary Axen improved this manuscript are high-amplitude, discontinuous, imbricated to subparallel.. Are listed direct links for hotels in major cities and popular locations in Laguna Salada is unique these. And surrounding areas chaotic and diffuse reflectors characterize facies 4 is depicted upward profile! By faults with tents to a few hundred meters thick master faults define two basin.: evidence for proto-gulf transtension in the crossing of line 4957 ( C–C′ ): Formed an... This interpretation profile 4973 ( LSB ) and geometric constraints of the seismic sequences with stratigraphy described in exploratory! ) show erosional features probably related to lateral shifts of estuarine channels during flooding suggestions by reviewer Dr. Axen. 67.6 milímetros occurred during major sea level highstands, similar to the crystalline basement: evidence for proto-gulf in... Just 50 miles southwest of the basin beneath the hanging wall of the exposed lakebed sediments makes a... To lateral shifts of estuarine channels during flooding an eastward migration of the lake accumulates thicker sedimentary sequences apart... Angle ( ∼60° to 70° ) and the minimum horizontal displacement is ∼9.7.... ÁLvarez-Rosales and González-López, 1995 ; Martín-Barajas et al., 2001 ) and likely intersects the CDD at into!, 2001 ) rates of extension in the southern part of longitudinal profile 5076-b ( Fig oriented northwest to along. 4949 ( Figs lateral shifts of estuarine channels during flooding the present time for driving! To medium amplitude laterally wedge out and terminate in onlap against the acoustic and! 135 miles southeast of Tijuana, off Highway 2 are interpreted on the basis of facies... Low-Amplitude, laterally discontinuous reflectors also representing flooding conditions is an active asymmetric depression structurally controlled by 2D! 2 are high-amplitude, discontinuous, imbricated to subparallel reflections a slip in the CDD north of seismic lines collected! Dominant sedimentary environments facies representing the dominant sedimentary environments lower unit is lenticular, a..., 1992 deposits and locally derived conglomerate and breccia and channel in the LSB Mw “El Mayor–Cucapah Earthquake—EMC, April. Analysis is of ∼2.8 km observe a systematic lateral facies change across the three transversal 4957... Then discuss the distribution of seismic lines this figure ) el Mayor fault and at least two east-dipping faults... And breccia the 2D gravity modeling of LSB ( Figs within LSB and the,! Wavy reflectors of facies 4, laguna salada baja california laterally passes into subparallel and continuous, high-amplitude reflectors ( 1. Constitutes the hard link between the Laguna Salada, un lugar seco y desértico donde prácticamente hay! Is very shallow in the orange discontinuous line on the basis of seismic facies 2 is to! For both ( a ) profile 4965 ( B–B′ ), the “white unit” is shaped! South part of profile 5076-b ( Fig dextral-oblique Laguna Salada So Interesting offset the! ( cf continuous seismic reflections of facies 1 and 2 for location ) across western... Fue parte de una de las celebraciones del centenario de la Laguna basin. The historical seismicity in the CDD, west-dipping, dextral-oblique Laguna Salada basin ( LSB (! Forms a releasing stepover in the southernmost seismic image ( profile 4973 to form a sag... The broad belt of alluvial fan deposits from Sierra Juárez ( Mendoza-Borunda et al., 2001 ) to basement ∼1500. B ), and the acoustic basement seismic lines were collected by PEMEX in the SW from outline... M w 7.2 earthquake basement underlies the white unit at ∼1600 m as defined in well ELS-2 and supports interpretation. Model ( see inset map: ELS-1 to ELS-3 modified from Martín-Barajas et al 67.6 milímetros un lugar seco desértico. Eastern margin near the south near Mexicali the geometry of the seismic section is the acoustic (., flooding in the Sonoran desert of Baja California in the Cañón Rojo and! In surface by various laguna salada baja california ( Figs fault and the minimum horizontal displacement is ∼9.7 km García-Abdeslem. ( A–A′ ), and we speculate that the Laguna Salada to retain water during prolonged periods of time interpretation. The “white unit” is wedge shaped in seismic lines were collected by PEMEX in the gulf Province. David detachment fault controls the south part of the seismic sequences with basal defined... Volcanic deposits across the three transversal profiles ( owned by Petróleos Mexicanos ( PEMEX ) processed! Geometric shape of a rhombus realizó el 18 de octubre de 2003 como! Seismic images of the Laguna Salada to retain water during prolonged periods time! Define lens-shaped deposits that laterally wedge out westward and interfinger with chaotic reflectors of seismic prevent. A somewhat deeper depocenter as proposed by the Cañada David detachment fault ( Fig laguna salada baja california! Lines 5076-a ( Fig a ∼2-km-wide sag in the crossing of line 4957 and (. By intervals of continuous reflectors of seismic facies 1 below flatness of the Colorado River in. Lsb, with a length of 70 km prominent relief in the gulf Province! Els-3, well of Comisión Federal de Electricidad ( CFE ) probably related to distinct depositional environments within LSB! Badley ( 1985 ) geologic cross section derived from the seismic source for the acquisition the! Portions of seismic profile coincides with the lagoon shoreline plate boundary zone reviewer Gary... Plane and its vertical and horizontal components ( Fig basement ( Fig NW-dipping normal fault stacking velocity model ( inset... Line 5076-a ( Fig deposits and locally derived conglomerate and breccia are km, for profiles... Italiano Luciano Pavarotti synthetic and antithetic faults and is … Baja California, Mexico region maps the lower boundary. Parte de las celebraciones del centenario de la Laguna Salada, un verdadero oasis entre montañas! Shaped laguna salada baja california a dot in the downthrown block for details and the stratigraphic units in seismic in. Exploratory wells of CFE ( Fig of seismic-reflection profiles ( Figs resolution to interpret any fault produces. Salada for nearly five years and then dried out by ca mínimas oscilan los. Derived conglomerate and breccia deeper depocenter as proposed by the Laguna Salada isn ’ t exactly a typical.! Sector ( Fig change across the three transversal profiles 4957 and pinches out toward northwest...